Vowel
and diphthong
1.
Vowel
Vowel are made by voiced air passing through different
mouth shape, the differences in the shape of mouth are caused by different
position of the tongue and of the lip. It is very easy to see and to feel the
differences of the lip, but the tongue differences is difficult to see or to
feel, that is why detailed description of the tongue position for a certain vowel
does not really help us to pronounce it well, so vowel must be learn by
listening and imitating.
2. DIPHTHONG
A diphthong is a combination of
two vowel sounds,it begins as one vowel sound and ends as another.while we
pronouncing a diphthong,our lips and jaw
start out in the position of the first vowel,and glide into the position of the
second vowel sound.
Various kinds of phonetic symbol:
No: 1. ei; a; æ.
2.
Λ; ou; ο.
3.
U 3 u.
1. Phonetic symbol (ei): This diphthong begin with e and than add I after
e, gliding smoothly from e to I and making sound less loud. Example in words:
|
Beginning
|
middle
|
End
|
|
Ate
|
Face
|
Convey
|
|
Age
|
Bait
|
Obey
|
|
Able
|
Vacation
|
Play
|
Example in sentences; a. His age is seventeen years old.
b. anto makes a cake
c. we always play the games
2. Phonetic symbol (a): this vowel is the common vowel of English vowels
and a short version of a: the vowel sound is like (A),though it is not so clear
and particularly short in the middle position. Example in
words :
|
Beginning
|
Middle
|
|
Up
|
Does
|
|
Occur
|
Lunch
|
|
Osculate
|
Dollar
|
Example in sentences: a,
tina always get up at seven o’clock
b, he doesn’t seem to be aware
that possible danger come to him
c, I osculated the nifty thing
in your room yesterday
2.
Phonetic
symbol (æ) : now the vowel (æ) between e and a , say the word pan or pen several times and be sure that our mouth is
quite wide open for the vowel of (æ),sound a bit like e and a, we must practice
it until we can pronounce it perfectly. Example in words :
|
Beginning
|
Middle
|
|
At
|
Black
|
|
Am
|
Cap
|
|
Absolutely
|
Back
|
Example in sentences: a,
I was at home last night
b, the color of eyebrow is black
c, what he was saying is absolutely base on fact
4. Phonetic symbol (Λ) : to pronounce this symbol make sure
that our mouth is wide open for the vowel of (Λ) listen to the vowel carefully
and try to say vowel because there is phonetic symbol in it ! example in other words:
|
Beginning
|
Middle
|
|
Up
|
Does
|
|
Other
|
Lunch
|
|
Understand
|
Enough
|
Example in sentences: a, the official employee lunch at
twelve
b, I’m sick but
enjoy it
c, I have not
enough ability to become a teacher
5. Phonetic symbol (ou): this diphthong end with u rather than
u: although you will not be misunderstood if you do use u: be sure that the
sound is a diphthong not a simple vowel of (o:) must be kept quite separate. Example
in words:
|
Beginning
|
Middle
|
End
|
|
Orientation
|
Arose
|
Also
|
|
Oral
|
Boat
|
Below
|
|
Oath
|
Close
|
Although
|
Example in sentences: a. the institute gives us two weeks
of orientation.
b. your age below mine
c. we should better close the door
6. Phonetic symbol (O) : remember that vowel (O) is a simple
vowel not like (OU) or (o:) the sound is shorter than (o:) the most common
mistake as to use long, diphthong, (ou),and (O) must quiet separate. Example in
words:
|
Beginning
|
Middle
|
End
|
|
Order
|
Pawn
|
Saw
|
|
Alms
|
False
|
Draw
|
|
Almost
|
Boss
|
Gnaw
|
example in sentences: a. my lecturer ordered me to present the task on time.
b. will draw some
pictures at the wall
c. we were almost died in the accident
7. Phonetic symbol (3):
to pronounce this symbol is the lip is protruded and partly opened form.
Example in words: beginning middle end
Early hurt occur
Earn burst number
Earth bird farmer
Example in sentence:
a. you should come very early
in the morning!
b.
my motorcycle tire burst in my way home.
c.
the farmer start cultivating their rice field.
8. phonetic symbol (U): to indentify the intonation of this
vowel is the lip is getting slightly round such like kissing position and the sound
becoming less loud. Example in words:
|
Middle
|
End
|
|
Rudeness
|
Blue
|
|
Lose
|
Crew
|
|
Rumor
|
True
|
example in sentences; a, I can’t get over the rudeness of
my step mother
b, we lose control by hearing his remark
c, my allegation does come true
9. Phonetic symbol (u): the tongue is relaxed and makes short
voice make sure that the lips make small circle form. Example in words:
|
Middle
|
|
Book
|
|
Put
|
|
Look
|
Example in a sentence;
would you have a look on the book that I ‘v put please?
Sentence Stress, Typical Rhythm and Intonation
Every language has melody in it, no language spoken on the same musical not all the time
voice goes up and down , and the different pitches of the voice combine to make
tune, being part of its shape , and if the tune of the word is wrong its shape
is spoiled, the tune belongs not to the word but to the word group. If we say
the english word with different tune it is still the same word, but
nevertheless tune plays an important part in english. We can say angrily or kindly,
and these differences are largely made by the
tunes we use. The word do not change their meaning but the tune or rhythm we
use adds something to the word. And what it adds. Is the speakers spelling at
the moment; this way of using tunes is call sentences stress and rhythm,
intonation, and we must learn the meaning of english sentence stress rhythm
too, because they are important to be known. These are some examples of sentece
stress and intonation rhythm.
Example; 1. A. Did he winner in the badminton competition?
No, we are the winners
B. Did he winner
in badminton competition?
No, he
lost in the competition
C. Did he
winner in the badminton competition ?
No,he won
in the football competition
Example; 2.
A. Are you a student?
No, I’m a
teacher
B. Are you
student?
No, I’m a
unemployment
C. Are
you a student ?
Yes, I am
a student
Example; 3. a.
Is he chef in the hotel?
No, he is
a guest
b. is he a
chef in the hotel?
No, he
is a manajer
c. is
he a chef in the hotel?
Yes. He is a chef in the hotel
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